MAZUR FIFTH EDITION page
references
READINGS
(subject to expansion and revision)
in Mazur, James E. (2002). Learning And Behavior (5th ed.).
Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall. (ISBN: 0-13-033715-3)
CH.1: The Psychology Of Learning And Behavior
* pp. 5-6, "The Major Components Of Scientific Theories"
* pp. 11, 13-16, "Behavioral and Cognitive Approaches to Learning," "The Emphasis on External Events"
CH.2: Simple Ideas, Simple Associations, And Simple Cells
* pp. 19-23 the Empiricist / Associationist tradition; (Rationalist / Nativist tradition covered in lecture)
* OPTIONAL: Ebbinghaus's human memory experiments pp. 23-27
* omit pp. 27-36 on physiology
CH.3: Innate Behavior Patterns And Habituation
* reflex p.39; tropism p. 40: kineses p. 40 and taxes p. 41; fixed-action patterns pp. 42- 44
* habituation: pp. 45-49; omit pp. 49-51 on "Physiological Mechanisms Of Habituation"; continue with pp. 52-57 on the "Opponent-Process Theory"
CH.4: Basic Principles Of Classical Conditioning.
* omit "Aversive Counterconditioning" and "Treatment of Nocturnal Enuresis" pp. 83-86; continue with chapter summary on p. 86
CH.5: Theories And Research On Classical Conditioning
* omit "Mackintosh's Theory Of Attention" and "Comparator Theories Of Conditioning" pp. 97-99
* continue with pp. 99-100 on "Associations In First-Order Conditioning" and "Associations In Second-Order Conditioning"
* omit "Associations Involving Contextual Stimuli," "CS-CS Associations," and "Occasion Setting" pp. 100-103
* pp. 103-114 "Biological Constraints On Classical Conditioning" through "Conditioned Opponent Theories" including Affective Extension of the Sometimes Opponent Process Theory (AESOP).
* omit "Physiological Research On Classical Conditioning" pp. 114-119; continue with chapter summary p. 119
* Index
of Classical Conditioning Phenomena:
Acquisition [59-60, 67-68]
Extinction [68-69]
Spontaneous Recovery [69-70]
Inhibition / Excitation [69]
Disinhibition [70]
Rapid Reacquisition [70-71]
Pavlov's Stimulus Substitution Theory [63-64]
S-S and S-R Associations [64-66]
- Rescorla's Devaluation and Revaluation Procedures
Higher-Order Conditioning [76-77]
Sensory Preconditioning [78]
Conditioned Inhibition [71-72]
- Retardation and Summation Tests
Latent Inhibition / CS Pre-Exposure Effect [96-97]
Generalization and Discrimination [72-73]
US Pre-Exposure Effect [101]
Sensitization [105] (increased responsiveness to ANY
stimulus after presentation of a strong US)
Role of the response in modern interpretations of classical
conditioning may really just be as a dependent variable to measure strength of
CS-US association (or of any S-S association); CR and UR as such aren't
necessarily interesting
Psychoneuroimmunology (Conditioning of the Immune System)
[79-80]
Watson's "Little Albert" Experiment on Phobias
[81]
Systematic Desensitization [80-84]
Drug Tolerance, Withdrawal, Paradoxical Overdose [110-112]
Conditioned Opponent Theories [112-114]
- Sometimes Opponent Process (SOP)
- Affective Extension of SOP (AESOP)
Pavlov's Assumptions of Contiguity and Arbitrariness /
Equipotentiality [103-104]
Taste Aversion Learning / Biological Constraints on
Learning / Belongingness [104-107]
- Garcia's Experiment / The Garcia Effect [105-107]
- Wilcoxon, Dragoin, and Kral's Experiment [107]
- Hospital Anorexia (Taste Aversions in Chemotherapy)
Rescorla's Contingency Experiments (CS-US Correlations)
[75-76]
- Experiment on Dogs Receiving Forward, Backward, and Mixed
Conditioning
- Experiment on Rats Receiving Same Contiguity but
Different Contingencies of Tone and Shock
Blocking and Overshadowing [88-91, 93-95]
Rescorla-Wagner Model of Learning On Individual
Conditioning Trials [89-96]
Overexpectation Effect [91-92]
CH.6: Basic Principles Of Operant Conditioning.
* "The Law Of Effect" pp. 121-125; "The Research Of B.F. Skinner" pp. 134-136
* pp. 125-129: superstitious behaviors and Staddon and Simmelhag's(1971) interpretation in terms of interim and terminal behaviors (note relation to autoshaping / sign-tracking experiment on pp. 141-145)
* pp. 129-134: shaping (but omit pp. 132-133 on "percentile schedules")
* p. 130 conditioned reinforcers
* p. 136 generalized reinforcers
* p. 137-139 chaining
* pp. 139-146 biological constraints on operant conditioning: Brelands and intinctive drift; autoshaping or "sign-tracking" interpreted as classical rather than operant conditioning (note relation to SSDRs pp. 181-182)
CH.7 "The Four Simple Reinforcement Schedules" pp. 149-155
CH.8 "Punishment" pp. 186-187; "Is Punishment The Opposite Of Reinforcement" pp. 187-188; "Disadvantages Of Using Punishment" pp. 190-191; "Negative Punishment" p. 192; "Negative Punishment: Response Cost And Time-Out" pp. 194-196
* pp. 173-174 definition of negative reinforcement and punishment
* p. 175 "two-factor theory"
* pp. 181-182 Bolles's idea of "species-specific defense reactions" or SSDRs
* pp. 184-186 learned helplessness
CH.9 "How Can We Predict What Will Be A Reinforcer?" pp. 212-214 (through "Drive Reduction")
* pp. 203-205 Tolman's views about the role of reinforcement; latent learning
* pp. 208-209 Neal Miller's work on operant conditioning of visceral responses; James Olds's work on electrical stimulation of the brain as a reinforcer
* pp. 214-215 Premack's principle
* pp. 218-219 response deprivation theory (Timberlake and Allison)